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SURVIVAL TOOLS
In 1787, after the delegates in Philadelphia signed the new United
States Constitution, a woman approached Benjamin Franklin.
"Well, Doctor" she asked, "What do we have, a Monarchy or a
Republic?"
Franklin replied, "A Republic, if you can keep it."
***********************************************************
"Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little
temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety." Ben Franklin
***********************************************************
This text is dedicated to all those who would keep America free.
A special tribute to the United States Army Irregular Militia.
******************************************************************
Table of Contents: Volume 1.
Memory wiper
Nerve gas, Kitchen method
More Nerve gases
TCDD Dioxin
Radioactive Poison
Death Bringer
Killer Vapors
Trackless Death
Wet Work
Bug Heaven
Stink bomb
A sub-nuclear device for you
Ethylene manufacture
Mustard Gas production
Sulfur monochloride
Hydrogen cyanide
Phosgene gas
Phenol (Carbolic acid)
Chloropicrin gas
Picric acid
Arsine gas
Lewisite gas
Thermite
Self detonating explosive
Engine wrecker
Delayed fire
Nitroglycerin
Nitrocellulose
Potassium nitrate from Sodium nitrate
Nitric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Ether
B.A.L. (British anti-lewisite)
Basic Demolition
Plastic explosive
TNT manufacture
Blasting caps
The pain of death
Petro numb
Tetryl production
Composition C3
Composition C4
Tetrytol production
Derail operation
Carbon monoxide production
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Memory Wiper
Ativan (Lorazepa) Injection
(Lorazepam) Wyeth a benzodiazepene
Lorazepam is a nearly white powder almost insoluble in water.
Each ml. of sterile injection contains either 2.0 or 4.0 mg. of
Lorazepam, .18 ml Polyethylene Glycol 400 in Propylene Glycol with
2.0% Benzyl Alcohol as preservative.
Intravenous or intramuscular administration of .05 mg/kg up to a
total of 4 mg may be administered. Care should be taken that
arterial injection is avoided. Arterial spasm would result
resulting in gangrene and resultant amputation.
For optimum effect, measured as lack of recall, Intramuscular
Lorazepam should be administered at least two hours before the
anticipated operative procedure. -CAUTION- Prior to intravenous
use, Ativan Injection should be diluted with an equal amount of
sterile, pure water.
Memory wipe is two hours before injection and three hours after
injection. Even the injection is forgotten. A useful spread of
time indeed.
Ativan is used in hospitals to wipe the patient's memory of the
trauma of the operating room. A nice touch.
The lack of recall and recognition was optimum within two hours
following intramuscular administration and 15-20 minutes after
intravenous injection. The intended effects of the recommended
adult dose of lorazepam injection usually last 6-8 hours. In rare
instances where patients received greater than the recommended
dose, excessive sleepiness and prolonged lack of recall were
noted.
CAUTION-Intravenous injection should be made slowly and with
repeated aspiration. Care should be taken to determine that any
injection will not be intra-arterial and that peri-vascular
extravasation will not take place.
Partial airway obstruction may occur in heavily sedated patients.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Nerve gas, Kitchen method
Mix Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with Dursban (the insecticide) and
dispense as an aerosol, paint or contaminant.
Dursban is a cholinesterase inhibitor. Atropine is antidotal.
Atropine must be injected within 15 seconds of the incidence of
nerve gas or the ability to self treat will be lost. Atropine must
be injected in sufficient quantity and with sufficient frequency
to adequately clear the nerve block caused by the cholinesterase
inhibitor.
DMSO is a byproduct of the pulp paper industry and is used as a
solvent.
More nerve gases
Hexaethyl tetraphosphate (HETP),
Tetraaethyl pyrophosphate (TPP),
Diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP).
All of the above are cholinesterase inhibiting nerve gases
developed during the second world war.
DFP is the nerve gas that killed all those sheep near Dugway,
Utah. That was a small spill and was five miles away.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TCDD Dioxin
2,3,7,8-tetra-chloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, Dioxin) is the
contaminant in Agent Orange. 0.6 microgram per kilogram is lethal
to guinea pigs.
TCDD Dioxin may be prepared merely by burning Pentachlorophenol
(Penta), the wood preservative.
TCDD,Dioxin is the stuff that destroyed Times Beach, Missouri and
Sveso, Italy.
TCDD Dioxin is the contaminant in Agent Orange, the defoliant used
so heavily in the Vietnam war. Agent Orange, was an equal mixture
of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 2,4,5-T (2,4,5-
trichlorophenoxyacetic acid). Some of the 2,4,5-T was contaminated
with an extremely toxic compound known as dioxin (2,3,7,8-
tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin).
************************************************************
Radioactive Poison
Americium 241
Each smoke alarm found in the home contains one microcurie of the
radioactive element "Americium 241". Americium is an alpha and
beta emitter.
Americium may be dissolved with aqua regia and this neutralized
with sodium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide. The precipitate when
evaporated to dryness yields a powderable solid. These radioactive
powders are not readily detected and may be used for such wide
ranging tasks as area denial, food denial, material tracking,
cache marking, etc.
Alpha and Beta emitters can be deadly if absorbed, inhaled or
swallowed. Use caution, dustmask, protective clothing and use
radiological monitoring equipment frequently.
************************************************************
Death Bringer
Mix dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with Paraquat (the herbicide) and
dispense where it will come into contact with skin or spray into
the air for the group effect. This mixture produces death within
two weeks with almost no warning or chance of survival. The lungs
of the victims(s) are like cellophane (crackly) and do not grab
oxygen.
Death is by suffocation and occurs within hours of the onset of
distress. Lung transplant is futile.
************************************************************
Killer Vapors
Mixing powdered nickel with carbon monoxide produces a liquid.
This liquid is Nickel carbonyl.
Ni(CO)4
A cumulative irreversable lung killer, and not detected by any of
the five senses, Nickel carbonyl can be a very insidious poison.
Death from lung failure can be expected within two weeks. No DMSO
is required here. This stuff is capable of dealing death all by
itself. Dispense as a chilled liquid and leave!
************************************************************
Trackless Death
The stun gun is an extremely useful device. Stun a victim with it
and while they are down, place a plastic bag over head and
shoulders and allow to suffocate. Remove bag and the job is done.
The longer the stun gun is applied, the longer the victim will be
down. Some testing of your stun gun will aid in predicting down
times.
************************************************************
Wet Work
The versatile stun gun can be used to drop a victim long enough
to cause suffocation by liquids, dusts,gases, etc.
This would also be a good time for the memory wiper, radioactive
dust or liquid, etc.
**********************************************************
Bug Heaven
Scatter semiconductor junction devices such as transistors,
integrated circuits, diodes, etc., around new construction sites
that you suspect may be suitable future targets of electronic
monitoring. When such a place is swept with a microwave source,
the junctions emit a signal that will activate the bug detector
and may contribute to the destruction of a wall or two.
Suggestions include placing devices in concrete before pouring,
mixing devices with the sand, pushing devices into wet mortar,
etc. Be creative.
***********************************************************
Stink Bomb
Ethyl mercaptan is described by the Guinness Book of World
Records as the worst stench known to man. It is used in "natural"
gas as an oderant in the ratio of approximately 1 part per million.
Ethyl Mercaptan is made by bubbling hydrogen sulfide gas through
chilled ethyl alcohol. Ethyl mercaptan and water are produced.
Ethyl mercaptan is soluble in water in all proportions.
Hydrogen sulfide may be prepared by heating paraffin and sulfur
with asbestos as a catalyst.
Ferrous sulfide and hydrochloric acid also yield hydrogen sulfide
gas. Ferrous sulfide may be prepared by mixing and heating 5x of
iron filings and 3x by weight of sulfur and heating.
CARE! MUCH HEAT IS EVOLVED WHEN THE MIX IS HEATED ENOUGH FOR THE
REACTION TO GAIN MOMENTUM. BE PREPARED FOR MORE HEAT THAN YOU PUT
IN.
************************************************************
A Sub-nuclear device for you
Take one gas hot water heater and fill the water compartment with
liquid propane. Ethylene will work even better. Diesel fuel will
work too. Gasoline has lots of heat energy, too. Ethel or
unleaded. Seal one end of the flue pipe and fill the pipe with an
explosive of your choice. Dynamite comes to mind. A mixture of
potassium chlorate or perchlorate with diesel fuel will do. This
mix is a dandy liquid explosive.
Seal the top of the flu pipe with a suitable detonator and get the
thing up off the ground. Suggestions include roof tops, towers,
planes, balloons, etc. and blow it.
Provide a source of ignition for the oxygenated fuel cloud.
Try sending up a long life aerial flare to drop back down into
the oxygenated fuel cloud. A burning building will work, too.
***********************************************************
Ethylene manufacture
To make ethylene, a mixture of alcohol with six parts by weight
of concentrated sulfuric acid is heated to 165 degrees, and a
mixture of one part of alcohol to two parts of sulfuric acid is
dropped in slowly. Ethylene gas is evolved. C2H6O>H2O+C2H4
Ethylene is a colorless gas nearly insoluble in water. It burns
with a luminous flame. It is a very good anesthetic and has a wide
range of safety before toxicity is a problem. It is a very useful
field anesthetic.
************************************************************
Mustard gas production
Mixing ethylene gas and sulfur monochloride gas produces Mustard
gas. The passage of Ethylene(ethene) into sulfur monochloride or
hypochlorous acid followed by sodium sulfide and acid treatment to
give bis-2-chloroethyl sulfide.(Mustard gas).
H2C:CH2+S2Cl2+H2C:CH2>Cl.CH2.CH2.S.CH2.CH2Cl (Mustard gas) +
sulfur
Also by:
H2C.CH2+HO.Cl>HO.CH2.CH2.Cl (Ethylene chlorohydrin), then
2 HO.CH2.Cl+Na2S>(HO.CH2.CH2)2S+2 NaCl, and (HO.CH2.CH2)S+
2 HCl>(Cl.CH2.CH2)2S+2H2O
Mustard gas may also be produced by treating ethylene oxide with
hydrogen sulfide, and the treatment of the thiodiglycol thus
obtained with hydrogen chloride near the locality where the
mustard gas is to be used, as:
O
/ \
1. 2H2C--CH2+H2S>HO.CH2.CH2.S.CH2.CH2.OH,bis-2-hydroxyethyl
sulfide, thiodiglycol, and
2. (HO.CH2.CH2)2S+2HCl>(Cl.CH2.CH2)2S+2H2O.
This process has a decided advantage in that the thiodiglycol is
safe to transport, and is readily converted to the mustard gas as
needed.
************************************************************
Sulfur monochloride production
Sulfur monochloride may be prepared by the direct union of the
elements when chlorine is passed over fused sulfur:
2S+2Cl>S2Cl2. It is produced also when dry chlorine is passed into
carbon disulfide to which a little iodine has been added:
CS2+3Cl2>CCl4+s2cL2.
Both carbon tetrachloride and sulfur monochloride are volatile
liquids, but they are readily separated by distillation since the
former boils at 76.7 degrees C. and the latter at 138 degrees c.
Sulfur monochloride is an amber colored liquid with a specific
gravity of 1.706, a boiling point of 138 degrees, and a freezing
point of -80 degrees C. It has a disagreeable, pungent odor, it
fumes in moist air, and it is hydrolyzed by water, yielding
HCl,S,SO2, and various oxyacids of sulfur. Sulfur monochloride is
a splendid solvent for sulfur. Sulfur monochloride can be mixed
with ethylene to make mustard gas, which see.
************************************************************
Hydrogen Cyanide
Hydrogen cyanide is made by interacting Sodium cyanide with
concentrated H2SO4 or other mineral acid:
NaCN+H2SO4>HCN+NaHSO4
Sodium cyanide is obtained by combining sodium, carbon and
ammonia at high temperature:
2Na+2C+2NH3(heat)>2NaCN+3H2
Cyanogen, C2N2, is a colorless, very poisonous gas that burns
with a blue flame. Cyanogen may be prepared by heating a solution
containing copper(II) ions and cyanide ions. Cyanogen hydrolyzes
in a manner analogous to that of molecular chlorine.
CN2+H2)>HCN+HOCN
Cyanogen + water yields hydrogen cyanide + cyanic acid.
********************************************************
Phosgene gas
(Carbonyl chloride) COCl2
Phosgene may be prepared by mixing chlorox and ammonia.
or: by mixing chlorine gas and carbon monoxide and exposing the
mixture to sunlight. or: by passing carbon tetrachloride through
a carbon arc. or: exposing chloroform to air and light:
2CHCl3+O2/(air and light)>2Cl.CO.Cl(Phosgene)+2HCl.
or: 4CHCl3+3O2/(excess oxygen)>4Cl.CO.Cl+2Cl2+2H2O.
Phosgene smells like new mown hay. Small amounts are deadly.
Phosgene is a suffocating gas and can be manufactured by the
union of carbon monoxide and chlorine at a temperature around 100
degrees C. or less, with activated charcoal as the catalyst.
Phosgene is formed in a variety of chemical reactions chiefly
that of the action of water on carbon tetrachloride, which takes
place at almost any temperature.
Phosgene is a gas at ordinary temperature with melting point -75
degrees C. and boiling point at 8.2 degrees C.
Phosgene damages the lungs with the result of HCl attacking lung
tissue.
*************************************************************
The synthesis of phenol or carbolic acid
Phenol, C6H5(OH) may be made from benzene. Benzene reacts slowly
with sulfuric acid, forming benzene sulfonic acid and water, thus:
C6H6+H2SO4>C6H5SO2OH+H2O
The product is an acid the sodium salt of which when fused with an
excess of sodium hydroxide gives phenol:
C6H5OH+NaOH>C6H5ONa+H2O
Phenol is a white crystalline substance having a peculiar,
aromatic odor. Phenol is a highly caustic organic acid obtained
from coal tar by fractional distillation or made synthetically. In
pure form it occurs as colorless needle-shaped crystals or a white
crystalline mass. Phenol is soluble in water 1 to 15 and miscible
in alcohol in all proportions. Phenol is employed chiefly as an
antiseptic and germicide; it also acts as a local anesthetic.
Internally, it is caustic and poisonous. Phenol also makes a
pretty decent explosive, TNP or trinitrophenol.
************************************************************
Chloropicrin
CCl3.NO2
Chloropicrin may be made by the action of bleaching powder on
picric acid. Chloropicrin is a high boiling liquid. It is extremely
irritating to the eyes, is poisonous, and causes vomiting. It
passes readily through the fabric of most gas masks and clothing.
It is absorbed with difficulty in the cannister of chemicals used
with a mask.
Bleaching powder may be made by the action of chlorine gas on
slaked lime,(calcium hydroxide).
Cl2+Ca(OH)2>CaCl(OCl)+H2O
Chloropicrin is produced comercially by the action of bleaching
powder and steam on calcium picrate. CHCl3+NO3>Cl3.NO2
(Chloropicrin b.p. 112 degrees C.) + H2O.
***********************************************************
Arsine gas
Arsenic and hydrogen form a gaseous compound called arsine, ASH3.
This is produced along with hydrogen when any soluble arsenic
compound is added to a mixture of zinc and hydrochloric acid.
Arsine is an extremely poisonous gas and must be handled with
great caution.
************************************************************
Lewisite, a war gas
Lewisite is obtained by passing acetylene into arsenic trichloride
in the presence of aluminum trichloride as a catalyst.
Beta-chlorovinyldichloroarsine
(2-chloro-1-dichloroarsinoethene)
Lewisite blisters the skin and is a powerful irritant for the eyes
and lungs. It is highly toxic and inhalation of even small amounts
causes death.
BAL (British anti-Lewisite is antidota).
************************************************************
Thermite production
Thermite is a mixture of aluminum powder and iron oxide. (Boiler
scale works best).
2Al+Fe2O3
When this mixture is ignited by means of a magnesium ribbon fuse,
reduction takes place, accompanied by the evolution of an enormous
amount of heat, and the production of molten iron. Thermite is
used for welding of railroad tracks, propellor shafts, and other
machinery. It is useful also for fusing machinery, breaching vats
and starting blazes.
thermite may be started with a match if a plug of barium peroxide
and magnesium powder is used to prime it.
A source of this plug material is the common sparkler fireworks.
One even has a choice of colors.
************************************************************
Self detonating explosive
Mix powdered copper with ammonium nitrate and moisten with water.
Cupric nitrate will form and spontaneously explode.
This mixture can be used as a detonator for a much larger stack of
ammonium nitrate. One gallon kerosene mixed with each fifty pounds
of ammonium nitrate added to the stack will boost the explosive
yield tremendously. Adding aluminum powder to the mix will boost
the yield again.
************************************************************
Engine wrecker
One ounce of pine rosin dissolved in a gallon of gasoline and
introduced into the fuel tank of your choice will give the unlucky
engine three hours of running time. After these three hours of
running time, when the engine is allowed to cool, it will not be
able to be restarted without overhaul.
If the tank is not drained, the next engine suffers the same
fate. This method has been tested (by the U.S. Army.) It is
effective.
************************************************************
Delayed Fire
Cotton waste soaked with tung oil (Chinawood oil) will burst into
flame several hours afterward. Potassium permanganate crystals
with a drop or two of glycerin on it will burst into flame 15
seconds later.
A lighted cigarette placed between the rows of the heads in a
book of matches will produce a dandy timed burst of flame.
This one is nearly perfect for producing a blast from gasoline
vapors. The cigarette is not likely to set off the gasoline
vapors, but the book of matches is plenty good. Bonfire.
Any of the chlorates or perchlorates when mixed in water solution
with sugar, will turn any cotton waste or paper into a flame
waiting for a place to happen. When dried, the absorbent is
instantly ignitable by match, fuse, or contact with concentrated
sulfuric acid.
White phosphorus stored under kerosene will burst into flame
shortly after being introduced to atmosphere. White phosphorus is
used as the igniter for napalm for this reason.
************************************************************
Self Igniting Molotov Cocktail
Place three glass marbles into a pint glass jar. Pour one inch of
concentrated sulfuric acid into the jar and fill to within an inch
of the top with gasoline or kerosene.
Coat all interior surfaces of the screw cap with paraffin to
prevent acidic erosion in the event of tipping and seal firmly.
Prepare a saturated water solution of sugar and potassium chlorate
or of sugar and potassium perchlorate, soak a paper towel in the
solution and wrap it around the jar. Secure it with a string and
allow to dry.
When thrown, the marbles insure glass breakage and also prevent
throwbacks. When the glass breaks, the acid contacts the chlorate
mix and generates necessary flame for ignition.
This nifty device has the added advantage that there is no
telltale trail of flame leading anxious eyes to your position. A
good safety tip is to use the perchlorate since the chlorate is
very friction sensitive, and to apply the towel just prior to use.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Nitroglycerine
Nitroglycerine (glycerol trinitrate) is made by the reaction
between glycerine and nitric acid:
C3H5(OH)3+3HNO3>3H2O+C3H5(NO3)3+3H2O
Nitroglycerine is manufactured by slowly adding glycerine to a
thoroughly cooled mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric
acids.
DURING THE PROCESS, THE LIQUID MIXTURE IS KEPT COLD AND THOROUGHLY
STIRRED, AND THE TEMPERATURE IS WATCHED TO SEE THAT IT DOES NOT
RISE ABOVE 22 DEGREES C. The nitroglycerine
being lighter than the mixed acids and not miscible with them,
collects in a layer on top. The nitroglycerine is washed
repeatedly in pure water OF IDENTICAL TEMPERATURE after the entire
mix is poured into water again of the same temperature. THERMAL
SHOCK IS TO BE AVOIDED AS WELL AS PHYSICAL SHOCK.
Nitroglycerine is a thick, colorless, odorless liquid, which is
soluble in water. It solidifies at 4 degrees C. It explodes
violently when heated or when subjected to a sudden shock. When it
explodes, the compound instantly decomposes into a large volume of
gaseous products. It contains more than enough oxygen for its complete
combustion:
4C3H5(NO3)3 > 12CO2 ^ + 10H2O ^ +6N2 ^ +O2 ^
For convenience in use and to control its explosive power,
nitroglycerine is mixed with various porous solids such as wood
pulp, diatomaceous earth, oatmeal, etc.
Such is dynamite. Sodium nitrate is sometimes added to furnish
oxygen for the combustion of the wood pulp.
Nitrocellulose may be dissolved in nitroglycerine to make an
explosive more powerful than either. This mix is known as blasting
gelatin or cordite depending on the mix.
************************************************************
Guncotton
Guncotton is made from cotton just as in making nitroglycerine.
The product is a white solid scarcely differing in appearance from
the cotton from which it was made. It is far less sensitive to
shock than nitroglycerine, especially when in a moist state, and
since it can be perfectly exploded while moist by the use of a
detonator it is one of the safest and most useful of explosives.
************************************************************
Potassium nitrate from sodium nitrate
Dissolve 22 grams of potassium chloride in 45 cc. of boiling
water in a large test tube or beaker. Boil 20 cc. of water in a
beaker (set on a wire gauze) and add 25 grams of sodium nitrate.
When this has dissolved, add the boiling solution of potassium
chloride and continue heating for a minute or so.
Allow the mixture to settle and immediately pour the hot liquid
off the crystalline residue into another clean beaker. This
liquid contains the potassium nitrate. Allow it to cool, and much
will precipitate. Evaporate the liquid to get the rest.
************************************************************
Nitric acid
Place 85 grams of sodium nitrate with 100 grams sulfuric acid in a
retort and heat the mixture gently. Route the vapor through a
glass condenser with cooling. DO NOT USE RUBBER TUBING TO CONNECT
APPARATUS (it will nitrate and possibly explode.) The condensate is
the nitric acid.
************************************************************
Hydrochloric acid
If we place in a flask 58 grams of dry common salt (NaCl) and 100
grams of sulfuric acid, to which 30 grams of water has been added,
and warm the mixture, a change occurs with the production of a
colorless gas which dissolves in water very readily, giving a
solution of hydrochloric acid.
CAUTION- USE VENTILATION AND DO NOT BREATH THE FUMES. LUNG DAMAGE
CAN BE EASILY PRODUCED BY GASEOUS HCL.
***********************************************************
Ether (Diethyl ether)
C2H5OC2H5+H2O
Ether is made by allowing ethyl alcohol to drop slowly into a
mixture of ethyl alcohol and two parts of concentrated sulfuric
acid at 140 degrees C. Crude ether distills off
and is condensed by cooling its vapor.
************************************************************
BAL (British anti-lewisite)
BAL is 2,3-dimercaptopropanol the sulfhydryl groups of which
compete with the proteins sulfhydryl groups for the toxic
substance.
************************************************************
********************
* Basic Demolition *
********************
Cutting steel by the use of explosives is not an easy task.
Aside from the natural strength and hardness of the metal, the
configuration is often another complicating factor. Cutting a
structural steel target such as an I-beam poses no great problem,
regardless of the explosive used. There is no difficulty in
achieving close contact between the blocks of TNT or tetrytol and
the flat surface of of the I-beam. Trying to get the same type of
close contact between TNT and a round steel target, however, is
another matter.
Cylindrical steel targets, such as turbine shafts, are not only
difficult to cut because of their shape, but the metal employed in
their construction is exceptionally hard. To cut a round turbine
shaft just one foot in diameter requires a large amount of
explosive, using conventional techniques, and even with an
overcharge, results are not always assured. There are two charges
that have been designed specifically to cope with this problem,
the saddle and the diamond charge. The ribbon charge has been
designed to cope with non-cylindrical targets of structural steel.
Saddle Charge
A saddle charge can be used to cut mild steel cylindrical targets
up to eight inches in diameter. Dimensions are as follows:
The short base of the charge is equal to one-half the
circumference of the target. The length or long axis of the charge
is equal to twice the base. (Said another way, It is equal to the
circumference.)
Thickness of the charge is one-third block of C3 or C4 for targets
from 6 to 8 inches in diameter. Above 8 inches in diameter, or for
alloy steel shafts, use the diamond charge. Prime the charge from
the apex of the triangle, and the target is cut at a point
directly under the short base by
cross-fracture. Neither saddle nor diamond charges will produce
reliable results against non-solid targets, such as gun barrels.
Diamond charge
This charge can be used to cut hard or alloy steel. Dimensions
are as follows:
The long axis of the diamond charge should equal the
circumference of the target, and the points should just touch on
the far side. The short axis is equal to 1/2 the circumference.
Thickness of the charge is one third thickness of a block of C3 or
C4. To prime the charge, both points of the short axis must be
primed for simultaneous detonation. This can be accomplished
electrically or by use of equal lengths of detonating cord, with a
cap crimped on the end that is inserted into the charge. As
detonation is initiated, in each point of the diamond, and moves
toward the center, the detonating waves meet at the exact center
of the charge, are deflected downward, and cut the shaft cleanly
at that point. The diamond charge is more time consuming to
construct, and requires more care and more materials to prime.
Transferring the charge dimensions to a template of cardboard or
even cloth permits relatively easy charge construction (working
directly on the target is extremely difficult). The completed
wrapped charge is then transferred to the target and taped or tied
in place, insuring that maximum close contact is achieved. The
template technique should be used for both the saddle and diamond
charges.
Ribbon Charge
To cut non-cylindrical steel targets the ribbon charge produces
excellent results at a considerable savings in explosive.
Dimensions are as follows:
The thickness of the charge is equal to the thickness of the
target to be cut. Note: Never construct a charge less than 1/2
inch thick.
Width of the ribbon is equal to twice the thickness of the
target. Length of the charge is equal to the length of the desired
cut. Prime from an end, and for relatively thin charges, build up
the end to be primed. Build up corners if the charge is designed
to cut a target such as an I-beam.
Tamping is unnecessary with the ribbon charge. A frame can be
constructed out of stiff cardboard or plywood to give rigidity to
the charge and to facilitate handling, carrying and emplacing it.
The ribbon charge is effective only against targets up to two
inches thick, which accounts for the great majority of flat steel
targets likely to be encountered.
Platter Charge
The platter charge has been developed to breach volatile fuel
containers and ignite their contents from distances up to fifty
yards. The platter can also be employed to destroy small
electrical transformers or other "soft" targets, again from a
distance. Platters do not have to be round or concave, although a
round or concave platter is undoubtedly best. The concave side of
the platter faces the target, and the explosive is molded to the
reverse side. Flat, square, or rectangular platters are
permissible, with steel being the best material. Platter size
preferably should be between 2 to 6 pounds, and the weight of
explosive should approximately equal platter weight. The explosive
should be uniformly packed behind the platter and it must be
primed from exact rear center. Build up the C4 in the center of
the charge if necessary to insure detonation. A container for the
explosive is completely unnecessary for the platter charge, as
long as some way is found to hold the plastic firmly to the
platter. Tape is acceptable. The platter range is about 50 yards,
depending primarily on the size of the target to be attacked.
Practice helps.
Shaped Charge
The angle of the cavity of an improvised shaped charge should be
between 30 and 60 degrees. Standoff should be from one to two
times the diameter of the cone. Height of the explosive, measured
from the base of the cone, should be twice the height of the cone.
Exact center priming is important, as is tamped C4. Trial-and-
error experimentation in determining optimum standoff should be
stressed. Due to the many variables involved, such as explosive
density and both density and configuration of the cavity liners,
accurate reproducible results are almost impossible to obtain. A
point worth mentioning in preparing hollow-bottomed bottles for
shaped-charge use is to hold the bottle upright when burning the
string soaked with gasoline. As the flame goes out, submerge the
bottle, neck first, in water. If done well, the bottle will break
cleanly where the string was burned. Hemispherical cavities will
produce more surface damage on the target, but less penetration. A
true cone with an angle of about 45 degrees will produce more
penetration, which is the most desired result. Melting TNT in a
double-boiler will produce an explosive loading of excellent
density. Dynamite can be used if no other explosive is available,
with reduced yield. The higher the weight strength the dynamite,
the better the results.It will penetrate mild steel targets up to
two inches in thickness.
Cratering charge
Ammonium nitrate (AN) fertilizer is a material that is readily
available in many parts of the world. With AN and one other
ingredient, we have the ability to tailor make cratering charges
to fit our needs. A rule of thumb for an improvised cratering
charge is as follows:
To each 25 pounds of ammonium nitrate fertilizer, which should be
the prilled or pellitized variety, add about one quart of diesel
fuel, motor oil, used or not, or gasoline. Allow the charge to
soak for one hour, prime with one pound of TNT or equivalent, tamp
well in a suitable borehole, and detonate. Do not allow the AN to
become wet with water. A 40 pound charge of AN will produce a nice
crater.
Ammonium Nitrate Satchel Charge
While the cratering charge is a good one, it is only suitable for
cratering. A more versatile charge can be made from AN, using wax
as the second ingredient rather than oil. The procedure for
making this charge is merely to melt ordinary paraffin and stir in
AN pellets, insuring that the wax is thoroughly mixed with the AN
while still hot. Before the mixture hardens, add a 1/2 pound block
of TNT or its equivalent as a primer. A #10 can makes a good
container for this charge. The addition of shrapnel and a handle
to the exterior of the charge makes an excellent satchel charge or
booby trap. Suitably sealed, this device will keep well and will
not draw moisture.
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RDX (A Plastic Explosive Component)
To about one gallon of strong formaldehyde solution,(35-40%,add
an excess (about two gallons) of concentrated aqueous ammonia,
M(28%), and evaporate to dryness on a water or steam bath. The
white solid which is left is: Hexamethylenetetramine. With a
chilled mixture of concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids, nitrate
this compound. Wash with water until litmus shows no acid. This
compound is called RDX. It is a powerful explosive and when mixed
with a suitable texturizer and adhesive materials makes a good
plastic explosive.
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The pain of death
Gasoline, regular or unleaded, when ingested in eight ounce
dosage, will produce hydrolysis of the liver and certain death.
This death does not come as swiftly or easily as the ingestor
might wish. The process of liver destruction by hydrolysis is
perhaps the most painful dying known to man. The only way to
alleviate the pain is total unconciousness. Anything less brings
agony.
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Petro Numb
Total paralysis of the voluntary muscles of the body may be
produced by frying foods in good clean motor oil. Mobility is
not recovered.
No county fair ribbons on this dish. The French used this
one on the occupation germans in world war two.
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TNT manufacture
The first lab procedure is to make the proper acid
concentrations. In one beaker, the percentages used are:
76% sulphuric, 23% nitric, and 1% water.
In another beaker, the acid mixture is:
57% nitric and 43% sulphuric. The other steps used will be
listed numerically. It is proper to prepare a good amount of
the acid mixtures, and remember to use weight percentages,
and not volume.
1. The ice water cooling method is set up. Ten grams of the
first acid mixture is poured into an empty beaker, which is
set in the ice water.
2. Ten grams of toluene is then added to this beaker, and
stirred for five minutes.
3. This beaker is then taken out of the ice water and gently
heated to fifty degrees centigrade. This mixture is also
stirred while it is being heated.
4. Fifty more grams of the first acid mix are added, and the
temperature is increased to 55 degrees centigrade. This 55
degree temperature is kept for the next ten minutes after the
additional acid has been added. An oily liquid will begin to
form on top of the acid in this beaker.
5. After the ten minutes, the beaker is placed back in the
ice water, and cooled down to 45 degrees C. The oily liquid
is allowed to settle to the bottom of the beaker. The acid
remaining, is drawn off by means of a syringe.
6. The oily liquid is kept at the 45 degree temperature, and
50 more grams of the first acid mixture is added, while
slowly increasing the temperature to 83 degrees C. It is
important to increase the temperature slowly. After the 83
degree temperature is reached, it is maintained for thirty
minutes.
7. After the thirty minutes, the mixture is cooled down to 60
degrees C. and allowed to settle at this temperature for
another half hour. The acids are again removed.
8. The beaker of oily liquid is again heated and thirty grams
of sulfuric acid is added. The temperature is slowly raised
to 80 degrees C.
9. Thirty grams of the second acid mixture is now added,
while the temperature is increased from 80 degrees C. to 104
degrees C., and maintained for three hours.
10. After the three hour period, the mix is lowered to 100
degrees C. for thirty minutes. The oil is then removed from
the acids, and thoroughly washed with boiling water.
11. After the boiling treatment, while constantly being
stirred, the TNT will begin to solidify.
12. The TNT is then boiled in fresh water containing a small
amount of sodium bicarbonate. Wash as many times as necessary
to achieve a neutral condition as shown by the litmus test.
13. After suitable washing and as it cools, the TNT will
start to solidify. Add cold water so it will solidify in
pellet form.
14. TNT may be melted and cast into containers for bursting
charges or cast into blocks for booster charges for ammonium
nitrate explosives.
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Blasting Caps
Mercury fulminate, Hg(ONC)2, is prepared by dissolving pure
mercury into nitric acid of specific gravity 1.42. A small
amount may be prepared by taking 5 grams of mercury and
pouring it into about 35 ml. of nitric acid. The mixture is
then heated slowly. It will bubble, and turn green, as the
silver mercury is dissolved. It is then poured into a small
flask of ethyl alcohol. The flask will then begin to give off
red fumes. You are to be prepared for these fumes by
supplying yourself with a suitable ventillation hood.
In about half an hour, or sooner, white fumes will appear,
indicating that the reaction is nearing its final phase.
After a five minute wait, distilled water is added, and the
whole mix filtered, to obtain the white precipitate crystals.
The white crystals are the mercury fulminate, and it should
be washed again and again,until no acid is present as
indicated by the litmus test.
* * * *
Another method of mercury fulminate production is to mix
mercuric oxide and ammonia solution. This is done in a weight
ratio of 10 parts of ammonia solution to every part of
mercuric oxide used. In about ten days, mercuric oxide will
react with ammonia solution to produce the white fulminate
crystals. These crystals must be filtered and washed as
before. Be cautious with mercury fulminate!
Tetryl manufacture
Tetryl is prepared by nitrating dimethylaniline.
A small amount of the dimethylaniline is dissolved in an
excess of sulfuric acid. This mixture is then added to an
equal amount of concentrated nitric acid. The mix is kept
well stirred, and the container used, in an ice water bath.
The solution is kept at a temperature of 70 degrees C. After
about five minutes, the tetryl is filtered and washed in cold
water. It is then boiled in fresh water containing a small
amount of sodium carbonate to remove excess acidity. As in
TNT preparation, the washing is performed as many times as
necessary, on the basis of the litmus test. It must be
neutral. After washing, the tetryl is filtered and allowed to
dry. When tetryl is detonated, its effects are much the same
as TNT.
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Composition C3
Composition C3 contains :
77% RDX
3% Tetryl
4% TNT
16% plasticiser containing nitrocellulose
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Composition C4
Composition C4 contains:
91% RDX
2.1% polyisobutylene
5.3% diethylhexyl sebacate
1.6% motor oil
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Tetrytol
Tetrytol contains:
70% tetryl
30% TNT
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Amatol
Amatol is a mixture of ammonium nitrate and TNT
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Nitrocellulose (guncotton), TNT, Amatol, Nitroglycerine,
Tetrytol, and dynamite, among others, may each be detonated
by mercury fulminate. Caution: The sound of mercury fulminate
detonating can set off the rest of the fulminate.
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Carbon monoxide may be produced by reducing oxalic acid with
heated concentrated sulfuric acid. Collect under limewater.
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Derail Operation
Should you find a need to disrupt rail traffic, one of the easiest
ways would be to place a block of explosives on opposite sides of
a rail and offset their ends about an inch.
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Something like this tied up all of London`s rail traffic.
This method shears the rail and separates the ends so as to
interrupt rail traffic.
If done on a curve, it can derail without having been spotted.
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